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+<br>In DOS memory administration, prolonged memory refers to memory above the primary megabyte (220 bytes) of tackle house in an IBM Pc or appropriate with an 80286 or later processor. The time period is primarily used underneath the DOS and Windows operating systems. DOS programs, running in real mode or virtual x86 mode, can't directly access this memory, however are able to do so via an application programming interface (API) referred to as the Extended Memory Specification (XMS). This API is carried out by a driver (akin to HIMEM.SYS) or the operating system kernel, which takes care of memory administration and copying memory between conventional and extended memory, by briefly switching the processor into protected mode. On this context, the term "extended memory" might refer to both the whole of the prolonged memory or solely the portion out there by this API. Prolonged memory will also be accessed instantly by DOS programs working in protected mode using VCPI or DPMI, two (different and incompatible) methods of utilizing protected mode below DOS.<br>
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+<br>Prolonged memory should not be confused with expanded memory (EMS), an earlier methodology for increasing the IBM Computer's memory capacity beyond 640 kB (655,360 bytes) utilizing an enlargement card with bank switched memory modules. Due to the out there help for expanded memory in fashionable purposes, system drivers had been developed that emulated expanded memory using extended memory. Later two further strategies have been developed permitting direct entry to small parts of extra memory above 640 KB from real mode. One of these is referred to because the excessive memory area (HMA), consisting of the primary practically 64 KB of prolonged memory, and the opposite is referred to as the upper memory space (UMA
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